“毛泽东时代”真的“闭关锁国”吗?其实恰恰相反

大家都知道,新中国的改革开放是从1978年12月18日开始的,因此,有不少人认为,在之前的“毛泽东时代”,是不对外开放的,甚至是“闭关锁国”的。

其实,这个说法是完全错误的,是不了解历史导致的偏见。

恰恰相反,其实在“毛泽东时代”,以毛主席、周总理为首的老一代领导人,一直在寻求外交上的突破,也取得了很多伟大的外交成就。

新中国成立后,因为属于社会主义阵营,尤其是因为苏联的关系,西方国家都对新中国采取了敌对态度,尤其是美国,为了封锁中国,从中国的东北、东方、东南、南方,甚至西南方向,设置了一条严密的封锁链,几乎锁死了新中国与外界的海上交通。

毛主席以高瞻远瞩的战略眼光,早就看出了这个严峻的形势,所以当1949年解放军剑指香港的时候,毛主席下令停止进攻香港,继续保留香港的“殖民地”地位。

当时,很多人都对毛主席的这个做法不理解。

香港自从被腐朽的清政府割让给英国之后,中国人无时无刻不在盼望着收回香港,现在解放军横扫千军如卷席,收复香港已如探囊取物,为什么毛主席却突然下令停止进攻呢?

其实,这就是毛主席伟大的国际战略。

当时,以美国为首的西方国家,对新中国进行了全方位的封锁,新中国为了跟外界取得联系,必须要保留香港这个通道,正如毛主席所说:“现在不是解决香港和澳门问题的时候,保持香港和澳门现在的地位,对中国发展海外贸易是有利的。”

因此,在新中国成立后的很长一段时间里,香港都成为新中国与外界交流的一个重要通道,发挥了无比重要的作用。

而且,因为新中国的这个举动,也赢得了英国人的感激,早在1950年1月6日,英国就宣布承认中华人民共和国,成为第一个承认新中国的西方国家。

新中国成立后,毛主席向全世界宣告:“凡愿遵守平等、互利及互相尊重领土主权等各项原则的任何政府,本政府均愿与之建立外交关系。”

为了打开国际局面,由周总理亲自担任外交部长,开始在世界舞台上展露才华,比如在日内瓦会议上舌战西方十六国,在万隆会议上提出和平相处十项原则,据统计,周总理在建国后共出访过几十个国家,与上百个国家建立了外交关系。

进入70年代后,随着国际关系的变化,美国提出了希望与中国大陆对话的意愿,毛主席与周总理表示,中国一向乐于与任何国家对话,只要美国人是真心实意的,我们欢迎尼克松总统来华访问。

在周总理的安排下,尼克松总统于1972年2月21日来到北京,掀开了中美两国关系全新的一页。

在美国的带动下,日本、英国、法国、德国等等资本主义国家也纷纷开始与中国建交,并在经济、文化等多个领域开始交流合作。

据统计,中美两国之间的贸易总额,在1971年还只有不到500万美元,但是到了1972年,暴增到了1亿美元,一年的时间增加了20倍!

另外,中国与世界各国的贸易总额,在1970年还只有45.8亿美元,到了1974年,达到了145.7亿美元,增长了将近100亿美元。

根据外交部的统计,到目前为止,与新中国建交的国家共有181个,其中在1978年改革开放之前建交的,共有120个,占了总数的66%。

可以说,后来的改革开放之所以能取得这么伟大的成就,并且发展得这么快,正是在“毛泽东时代”打下的基础上取得的。

邓小平曾经总结说:“从许多方面来说,现在我们还是把毛泽东同志已经提出、但是没有做的事情做起来,把他反对错了的改正过来,把他没有做好的事情做好。今后相当长的时期,还是做这件事。”

对于有些人抹黑说“毛泽东时代”闭关锁国,连英籍华裔作家韩素音都愤愤不平,对记者说:“明明是美国想闭中国的关,封锁新中国嘛,而毛主席、周总理在千方百计地突破封锁嘛,怎么能颠倒黑白呢?”

(参考资料:《毛泽东与国际友人》《周恩来外交风云》《新中国外交60年》)

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